Instrument

Detectors

The detector used in PANIC is a mosaic of 4 Hawaii-2RG detectors which are mounted in one module so the full mosaic has 4096x4096 pixel with a gap between the individual detectors of 167 pixels (1pixel=18um).

HAWAII-2RG detectors
       

 

Next table shows typical basic characteristics of the detectors:

Quantum efficiency

J-band

H-band

K-band

0.64

0.79

0.76
Full-well capacity   260000 e-
Conversion factor   4.8 e-/ADU
Readout Noise (RON)

standard readout

Fowler readout

18 e-

5 e-

 

Readout modes

Best cosmetics is obtained with the lir-mode (line-interlaced read with embedded line-resets). Note that with this mode the minimun exposure time DIT is 2.63s.

You can find a detailed description of each readout mode available for the detectors on this document. 

Linearity

HAWAII-2RG near-IR detectors exhibit an inherent non-linear response. It is caused by the change of the applied reverse bias voltage due to the accumulation of generated charge. The effect increases with signal levels, so that the measured signal deviates stronger from the incident photon number at higher levels, and eventually levels out when the  pixel well reaches saturation.

For more details, see next document.

Filters

Standard broad band filters offered for PANIC.

Remarks:

- The filter parameters are at the working conditions (100 K and converging beam).

- The filters are located in a converging beam. It is not possible to combine two filters on different wheels.

- FWHM means, Full Width Half Maximum

- All lambdas values are in microns. 

Click on the filter name to retrieve the transmission curve
Filter Central wavelength FWHM 50% cut-on 50% cut-off T
Z 0.874 0.106 0.821 0.927 85%
Y 1.023 0.105 0.971 1.075 75%
J 1.247 0.157 1.169 1.326 84%
H 1.638 0.285 1.495 1.780 93%
Ks 2.150 0.328 1.986 2.314 95%
Filter data files
Filter Transmision plot Transmission ascii data Out out band blocking plot Out of band blocking ascii data
Z plot_Z ascii_Z plot_out_Z ascii_out_Z
Y plot_Y ascii_Y plot_out_Y ascii_out_Y
J plot_J ascii_J plot_out_J ascii_out_J
H plot_H ascii_H plot_out_H ascii_out_H
Ks plot_Ks ascii_Ks plot_out_Ks ascii_out_Ks

 

Click on plot to enlarge it

 

Standard narrow band filter

Click on the filter name to retrieve the transmission curve
Filter Central wavelength FWHM 50% cut-on 50% cut-off T
Br-gamma 2.191 0.055 2.163 2.218 83%
H2 2.118 0.034 2.101 2.135 93%

 

Filter Transmision plot Transmission ascii data Out out band blocking plot Out of band blocking ascii data
Br-gamma plot_Br-g ascii_Br-g plot_out_Br-g ascii_out_Br-g
H2 plot_H2 ascii_H2 plot_out_H2 ascii_out_H2

Custom filters

  • PANIC can be equipped with a total of 15 filters (24 - 4 blanks - 4 Open  - 1  PIL = 15),  and currently is equipped with 7 filters (see above). Thus, the filters wheels can accommodate a further 8 filters.  
  • Specifications for designing custom filters can be taken from this document.

 

Narrow band filters

The optical design of PANIC allows the use of narrow band filters, i.e. filters for which the bandwidth is equal to 1% of central wavelength.